A study into secretive human behavior

A training into near military personnel way snug is human doings that has in general negative connation which should non be confused with Privacy which generally represents the human trait in which one single(a) is non ready to share his/her personal information to others.In contrast the incommunicative behavior is not limited to personal information only. If we look at the relevancy of the particular behavior we may find that not only it is associated to separate level behavior exactly also to the organizational level. Therefore we tooshie joint that it has considerable consequence in behavior modeling of mortal as well as at organizational level. We basin also distinguish the effect of this behavior on individual(a) and organizational level. hugger-muggerive behavior piece of ass be associated to particular temperament traits that an individual possesses which house be looked into by contrastive conceptual framework as stipulation in this study. Though the f aithful behavior of an individual is always taken in negative sense exclusively when we compare the inherent traits that build up this soma of behavior we may find that secretive behavior arise some positive traits in an individual which is more explained by Johari Window in following precedence.Conceptual FrameworkAccording to the study of scholarly articles studied by me I have watch over upon the definition of secretive behavior as the character trait of an individual which comprises of hiding some information (that can be relevant or irrelevant) from others any consciously or unconsciously by the virtue of the individual traits that a person possesses. The hiding of the information can be act of introvert reputation of a person or a kind of defence mechanism as suggested by Freud Theory.Therefore to analyze the personality traits that mould the secretive behavior I have taken help of Johari Window Framework. Johari Window was developed by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingman (Jo + Hari, Johari) in 1950s which is taken as 2 X 2 window having 4 quadrants or regions.Each quadrant or region depicts the information of an individual as comprehend by themselves and by others as well. And hence by knowing the findings one can get a good understanding of themselves and their personalities in a more refined way. designing 1 depicts the four quadrant of Johari Window from perceivers billet and from others perspective.Perceived somebodyKnownUnknownPerceiverKnownOPENBLINDUnknownSECRETSUNKNOWNFigure 1 Johari WindowFollowing are the details of all four regions of Joharis Window described in detailOpen vicinity When the personality traits or behavior of a person matches with the perspective of others as well, it is called as open region. It is generally that part that you show and share with others. It includes your appearance, team up behavior, skills etc. It is generally recommended that hatful should belong to this region to increase there productivity in an organi zation.Blind Region This is the region which includes characteristics that are known to other members in the group but individuals are not aware of that. These are generally the blind spot which should be as low as possible. These include individual behavior equal making faces, showing emotions, aggressive nature etc which an individual does not know when they baffle in this type of traits. The localize is to reduce this area as overmuch as possible which can be done by taking feedback from other members in the group to know things that an individual is not aware of.Secret Region In this region the individual is aware of certain things but the others not. These things or behaviors are generally kept as secrets by the individual. This can be related to the introvert, shy nature of an individual. Another aspect is the avoided area by the individual which can be result from certain behavior that is socially not acceptable or considered as wrong. It can include certain private info rmation that an individual does not want to share or the information that individual did not want to share. This kind of secretive behavior can adversely stir the dynamics of group therefore, it is recommended to reduce this area as much as possible and make the system more transparent.Unknown Region When the behavior or traits are unknowns to the individual as well as the other team it is classified under this region. This can include talent and other behavior that can be revealed by any the person himself in future or by any other team member.By taking the Joharis window as a framework to analyze the personal traits of an individual one can distinguish that in which region out of the four does it belong and a person if it belongs in 3rd region that is Secret Region the attributes of that person can be best suited to know more about the secretive behavior of an individual at individual level as well as group level.Review of LiteratureThe dictionary definition of secretive is defi ned as inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it . If we look into literature review of this behavior there is lot of research papers that are presented. Few author presentation and perspective has been presented belowThe well known concept of Johari Window1, which is a model of self awareness, personal development, group development and understanding relationship. This concept can be related to MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)2 IndicatorAccording to Julie D. Lane and Daniel M. Wegner 3, secrecy is a form of intentional deception that is peculiar for two reasons. First, whereas deception involves inducing a tactual sensation in another person that one knows to be false, secrecy involves preventing the other from knowing something one believes to be true. The second distinction is that secrecy is something one can do alone in a room.In another perspective Aldert Vrij, Karl Nunkoosing, Beth Paters on, Annerieke Oosterwegel and Stavroula Soukara4, defines the impact on individual behavior which is stated as Secret-holders confided information to those with whom they matte emotionally close were more reluctant to confide when they kept the secret to avoid disapproval, and more likely to confide when they believed that others would find out about their secrets by paying attention to their (secret-holders) behaviors.Another context in the literature in Sullivans Interpersonal Theory5, which looks into interpersonal relations that modify the individual behavior. Sullivan stated that the personality of human being is shaped by the interpersonal relations that an individual have.More depth on individual aspect of why do people indulge in this kind of behavior is given by Defence Mechanism Theory by Sigmund Freud6. It involves the involvement of an individual in any behavior all unconsciously or by projecting wrong deception to indulge into defence mechanism.Empirical Study Genera lizationTo study the effect of secretive behavior of an individual, I conducted a cocktail dress study of four people studying in XLRI PMIR programme who knew well each other before coming here. This case study takes the help of Johari window from which I can deduce the understanding of personalities of these individual according to them as well as from the perspective of others.The main aim of doing this case study is to actually study the personality traits of an individual as perceived by him/her and as perceived by others. With the help of this I can categorize people into each of the four windows as described above in Johari Window and with the help of this segregation I can correlate which kind of people generally depict secretive behavior at individual level.Description of Case StudyIn the case study I deliberately choose four people who knew each other actually well so that the perception of an individual as perceived by others does not cipher on just spontaneous interac tion. I gave them 55 adjectives that a person can associates with himself/herself or with others. Then I make them to choose 6 adjectives that they moot are best to describe about themselves and then I gave selfsame(prenominal) go by of adjectives to other three individual and noted waste their responses about the same individual from their perspective on the same 6 adjective parameters.The adjectives that I have used are given in Appendices at the end of this report. artifice filling the corresponding personality traits choices one constraint that I follow is I gave only 120 seconds to fill out their responses for themselves and for others also.Since, there can be a possibility that during 120 seconds the individual does not get enough time to think upon the actual important personality traits.To eliminate out this discrepancy, I conducted same target of case study 4 times among the same set of individual but each time the response sheet which contains the set of 55 adjective s was in random order.To further reduce any unwanted deviations I conducted this at distinguishable times over a span of 3 days. By doing this an individual does not actually remember the choices that he/she had filled for others in previous trials.Findings of the Study GeneralizationBased on the case study as described above following are the results obtained for each of the four individual. Figure 2 represents the Adjectives picked by individual for themselves out of the given 55 adjectives.Adjectives associated with personality123456Values perceived by somebody Afriendlycaringcheerful expeditiousbravesensibleValues perceived by Person BindependentlogicalorganizedhelpfulcaringmodestValues perceived by Person CsentimentalquietsensibleobservantdignifywiseValues perceived by Person D gifthappyhelpfulsensiblecaringproudFigure 2 Adjectives picked by individual for themselves out of the given 55 adjectivesFigure 3 represents the adjectives associated with each person as perceived by o ther three persons. In this the frequency of each adjective is shown in () after taking the questionnaire at different point of time.Person APerson BPerson CPerson DPerson AXfriendly(3),bold(2),extrovert(2)bold(3),energetic(2),organized(2)extrovert(3),powerful(2),responsive(2)Person B pity (4), helpful (3), extrovert(3)Xhelpful (4), logical (2),modest (2)logical (2), proud (2), helpful (2)Person Cextrovert(2), cheerful (2) ,happy (2)nervous(3),tense(2),complex(2)Xrelaxed(2),ingenious(1),giving(1)Person Dhelpful(3),calm(2),modest(2)giving(2),happy(2),caring(2)modest(2),organized(2),giving(1)XFigure 3 Adjectives picked by others for specific person. ( ) represents the frequency of that adjectiveAs we can see from the data collected by taking down the personality traits of an individual from perceiver as well as perceived perspective that the individual behavior of Person A ,Person B and Person C matches to a certain extent with the behavior as noted by other members in the group. More over, the frequency with which the kind of adjectives appears for both the persons indicates that all of them belong to Region 1 of Johari Window which is Open region. And the adjectives associated with both persons like friendly, organized, brave, responsive, helpful, extrovert etc are in perfect correlation with the qualities that are associated with Region 1 as given by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingman.If we consider the case of Person 3, where the behavior described by himself does not matches with the behaviors as perceived by others, we can say that the Person C belongs to Region 3 or Secret Region of the Johari Window where the behavior are known to the person but are unknown to others. The raw material traits that the person think of him is sentimental, quiet, sensible, observant, dignify and wise which is in negative correlation with the behavior given by other like extrovert, happy, relaxed etc.Moreover, the attributes associate with Person 3 which he think of him perfectly c orrelates with the behavior associated with Region 3 of Johari Window as given by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingman.Therefore, we can say that the individual having personality traits like introvert, quiet, shy, powerful, observant are much more associated to the persons having secretive behavior as compared to the person with the behavior like extrovert, happy, openness etc.Implications of assembly WorkWe can distinguish the effect of this behavior on individual and organizational level which is given as followsAt Individual Level meeting on Psychological grammatical construction When we look into the effect of this kind of behavior on mental functions of human we can see that this type of behavior is generally associated with the people who are reserved, introvert, who does not want to share information. Also we can say that that the type of people who show this kind of behavior have very strong willing which make them to hide information from others.Impact on Behavioral Modernity W ith the advent of more information channels and competition the secretive nature has been considerably changed from our ancestors. And by comparing with the previous we can say that it has considerably increased.At Organizational levelImpact on Sociological Aspect Sometimes secretive nature of the organization is more concerned with hiding of some information due to protection of ideas, future plans, information which can affect them severely.Impact on Anthropological Aspect When an organization does not share proper information with employees, they are actually creating a traditional relations with them which will affect the motivation and performance of there work.Impact on Job Satisfaction Level Job Satisfaction relates to the content level of an individual with his/her performance. And when an individual thinks that an organization is hiding some relevant information that arise a suspicion which decreases the line of products satisfaction or this behavior shows the negative cor relation with job satisfaction.Contributions to Organizational BehaviorI feel that as a part of organizational behavior it is very important to understand the individual behaviors and personality traits. In addition to this it is very much essential to understand and focus on the actual causes behind these behaviors which actually force an individual to indulge in secretive behavior.Therefore I think my study about secretive behavior is very much relevant to organizational behavior. But since my research involves the study the effect of internal personality traits on secretive nature and therefore it will be interesting to see how external effects like situation and troupe plays an important role in contributing the modification of secretive behavior in an individual. Hence, there is further scope to extend this study in the infirm of external factors and correlation of these external factors with the internal behavioral trait of an individual.ConclusionAccording to the study of s cholarly articles studied by me I have engender upon the definition of secretive behavior as the personality trait of an individual which comprises of hiding some information (that can be relevant or irrelevant) from others either consciously or unconsciously by the virtue of the individual traits that a person possesses.As showed in the case study results given above the personality traits to a greater extent affects the secretive behavior of an individual. For example the individual who are more introvert, shy and reserve tend to show more secretive behavior as compared to the people who are extrovert or outspoken. Even the people who have strong determination are more capable in holding any secret as compared to one who did not have strong will power.Therefore, by studying the Joharis window on different set of people I can say that individual personality traits or internal factors affect the secretive nature very much.