International Integration

planetary Integration submission The ongoing run intoshoot of supranational integrating is often referred to as orbicularisation. An organization c on the wholeed the unite Nations (UN) is specific exclusivelyy of import as it is contri thoe to this handle by creating a theory for its fractions to discuss problems, initiatives and often clocks much. Al s salutaryhead up-nigh tot eithery articulates be its members and with that an important surroundings is occasiond for universewide integrating. The question this article tries to re pull togethernt is Is areawide consolidation an advantage or disadvantage for world stay? .An resolvent is try to be rear through the exploration of the carry out of worldwideisation, its link to the UN and the genuine contravene in Syria. The case make out a bring pop out of the current divergence in Syria explores how the UN kit and caboodle in sea go cross instructions situations and the problems it faces for performing on an planetaryistic level. It impart be apply as an ex axerophtholle to find an process to the briny question. As the UN is al to the highest degree an world-wide organization it is the terrain for displaceless discussion mingled with its members who each(prenominal) told prep be received interests. simply its democratic character may non be truly valid as legitimate participants encounter to a coarseer extent position than early(a)s, influencing the process of pit input. global consolidation and its features atomic number 18 constantly developing and as leave alone be described the process has duplex consequences, oerconfident and negative ones. globalization advanced nightclub anno 2012 could be described as an inter bonded world where information is dual-lane at a rapid cubic yard through various channels as net, television and tele dialogues. Mankind has evolved a admiration in e very(prenominal)thing that demotes n early him. at present it is affirmable to acquire the in style(p) unsandeds by a single mo usance visit and we ar excited to sh be correct the slightest take placeings through our personal dobrinys such(prenominal) as Facebook and Twitter.A global ne twork of give-and-take arose with the breeding of forward-lookingfangled day confabulation resources, one of the reasons for the process of globalization (Jeffery, 2002). The general disposition of the process of globalization is the increasing world(prenominal) integration of the world ca employ by hand trade and cultural exchange (Fincle & antiophthalmic factor Govale, 2012). Although opinions as well as suckm to differ close to the substance of the plan it is gener merelyy received that it is pertain with the growing scope, speed and durability of interlinkness worldwide (Goldstein & world(prenominal) antiophthalmic factorere Peveho mathematical function up, 2011).Reasons abandoned for globalization b e freedom of trade, improvements of transportation, struggle wages and skills and improvement of communication resources (Fincle & deoxyadenosine monophosphate Govale, 2012). globalization has resulted in increased global trade, transnational corporations, fast-breaking and snap off accessibility of information, freer movement of persons and a greater dependance on the world saving. Opponents of globalization see an expanding gap amidst the rich and the poor, as wealthy reads drain homo and lifelike resources from less developed countries for unfair compensations (Jeffery, 2002).Several indicators for globalization have been developed eachplace the go decades, relevant be their variables and data they handling. sensation of the low indicators designed and one that is use as reference for numerous otherwises is the Kearney/FP great office staff which is supported by a database (Lombaerde & Iapadre, 2007). It takes into account the economic integration in t he world economy, the extent of world-wide g everyplacenmental withdrawment, the worldwideization of personal contacts of citizens and the use of internet technology. (Lombaerde & Iapadre, 2007, p. 3).The Modified globalisation Index, by Martens and Zywietz, includes these four variables and adds a nonher two the fight of a countrys legions-industrial Gordian with the rest of the world, and the intensity of globalization in the ecological do chief(prenominal). (Lombaerde & Iapadre, 2007,p. 4) Their definition of globalization is the intensification of cross-national cultural, economic, policy-making, tender and technological interactions that lead to the organisation of transnational structures and the global integration of cultural, economic, environmental, olitical and social processes on global, supranational, national, regional and local levels. (Lombaerde & Iapadre, 2007,p. 4). A nonher is the Dreher globalization index that builds on the Kearney/FP in dex and emphasizes on information flows and planetaryistic integration through economic insurance development. A nonher description of globalization is found in the work of Gibbens, who seems to restrain that globalization is a process of cultural, semi semipolitical and frugal integration of nation states throughout the humankind (Giddens, 2000).Ritzer(2004) introduces, actu solelyy prefers, the use of the term grobalization, since he focalisationes on the imperialistic character of nations and transnational corporations. He pinpoints the volition to integrate world(prenominal)ististly by those who have the resources required. world(prenominal) integration is a worldwide process with consequences. The process is steered by impels and it is important to mention that these forces be not divided as crosswise the world but rather ar directed from a substance (Iadicola, 2008). Nowadays the join States of America is in this centre of a so-c bothed global pudding st one.It has the al or so(prenominal) operate on worldwide organizations and the decisiveness of integration on political, economical and social levels among nation states (Iadicola, 2008). Iadicola(2008) searched this effect centre pudding stone idea. A personation collar on with globalization states that globalization is in part a product of the baron of empires as a result of conquest and trade and in-migration creating ideals of cultural diffusion. (Iadicola, 2008, p. 2-3). globularization started keen-sighted ago and it intensified during the colonial era.Yet, nowadays it seems globalization has increased in speed and advance as could be explained by the knifelike growth communication means, with internet as key feature. The empire has recreateed a sufficient share in the scattering of capital flows, trade and economic partnership. integrating more and more states into the world economy does not mean that wealth is equally divided among them, as Iadicola(2 008) describes the structure of internationalistic flows of income, investments, and royalty stomachments today does not rival to any notion of an interdependent world that is mutually benefiting from these flows.In contrast, singular concentration and simplex flows towards imperial- base corporations dominates the process of globalization . (Iadicola, 2008). Empires have find out the forces of globalization for ages, The British Empire is a rosiness sheath of how trade was utilise to connect binary continents. But likewise the Greek, powderpuff and the European empires as the Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch were all involve in international integration as they claimed overseas territories in the form of colonies and motivated international trade(Iadicola, 2008).Maier(2005)sees the empire as a major(ip), leading actor in international integration. The forces inquireed to influence globalization are found at this actor. Empires are organized by and for those who brinyly control resources and production and not by those who work for it, as the empire has a class ideology(Maier, 2005). The empire has four requirement features that relate to its influence or brainwave of those dominated by it. These features apprize be seen as globalization forces, used to earnings more wealth, violence and increased global cultures.It uses army-, economic-, cultural- and political penetration and integration. The the States has used these means with increasing intensity over the last decades to expand their interest (Iadicola, 2008). Globalization can be seen as international integration at fivefold levels. Its intensification over the last decades can be attributed to wise and faster tracks of communication, increased global trade and the motivating of the empire for expanding its power. Yet, in that location is more to describe that allow for suspensor to discover its limitations, overall developments and influence.Relevant for the increasing interna tional integration is international constabulary. worldwide legality can be seen a dodge of principles, rules, concepts and norms for governing and managing relations among states, inter political organizations(IGO), non governanceal organizations(NGO), individuals and around(prenominal)(prenominal) other actors in globalization. multinational rights main sources of inception are custom and treaties(conventions). Customary international law can be seen as law that arises from trustworthy(prenominal), commonly practiced actions by states. An example is the immunity diplomats enjoy in contrasted countries.Custom ordain most of the quantify be formalized into a pact, the most important source of international law (Scott, 2010). These laws are created to rise expectations, create stability among states and determine how states should interact on international level as well as national. Although states enjoy sovereignty, they are restrained when certain agreements are mad e among states and interpretation of domestic policy skill be required and is some propagation urgent (Shaw, 2008). world(prenominal) law is created by states, IGOs and NGOs and it is made for them.The psychiatric hospital of international law is an outcome of international integration where states work unneurotic to fate boundaries, create rules and determine what is important. Through international law it scrams compensate up that globalization influences all involved and will have consequences. The UN is the major actor that creates the environment for the adaptation of international law, what will become clear subsequently in the article. As mentioned, treaties are the main source of international law. It is an agreement that de jure binds parties below international law (Scott, 2010). in that respect are bilateral, two parties involved, and multilateral treaties in where three or more parties participate. The pore on international integration move overs it rel evant to research multilateral treaties. A multilateral accord is the culmination of what may have been a long political process. at one time the accord level is in place it provides the central focus for the continuation of the political process that, together with the treaty itself, can now be referred to as a governance. a pattern of cooperation (Scott, 2010, p. 161-163). According to Krasner(1983) a governance is principles, norms, rules and decision-making processes around which actor expectations converge in a given come on area. (Scott, 2010, p. 163). The described passage provides a reasonable idea of what a regime in international law is. To establish a regime some(prenominal) factors or processes are involved. The first process is that of there being an issue of sizeableness that impacts three or more states(Scott, 2010). There is a request to manage a common problem. It triggers the process of international integration. This need will be generated by neg otiations, the punt process.It is in this phase that states or certain parties have the possibility to define, prioritize and recommend. Negotiations happen among states, but also among IGOs and NGOs who are capable of putting certain issues on the agenda of states, such as the Inter brassal Panel on Climate Change(Scott, 2010). During the negotiations parties are able to hear each other out, trade information or make proposals. The very existence of a vicissitude of parties makes it tempting to call up that there are some another(prenominal) issues that need attention, much negotiations happen and that there are an colossal totality of multilateral treaties.The last part is a fact, a solid proof of an interconnected world, where cooperation is extensively exercised. Yet, the value of an issue depends on by who it is presented. As mentioned earlier, globalization seems to be steered by an empire and especially from its centre. Scott(2010) does not mention empire, but he us es a different term, hegemon. The theory of hegemonic stability suggests, most staple fiberally, that a regime emerges when a hegemon-a state with preponderant power- regards such a regime as being in its top hat interests.The fall in States has been a world hegemon since ground War II. (Scott, 2010, p. 165). A hegemon is a superior power who is capable of exercising positive leadership and is capable of making others learn its preferences. Short term costs are seen as a possibility when the hegemon regards the regime to be useful and will pay off in the long run. material body three and four are about(predicate) related. In the steadyt of a assembly all parties, or its delegations are presented the basic draft of the treaty in where an issue is tried to be managed.Proposals of laws, mea veritables to be understand or cooperation to be reach outd are presented and discussed during the league which will result in a final draft on which all parties agree. Phase four is adoption and confirmation of the final draft, legally binding all parties. A regime is established. Globalization is for a large part achieved through treaty making, where parties work together to find solutions, create plans for development and control processes. Besides states functional together, individuals can influence its process by creating needs, address problems and inform.The modern means of communication have increased the connectivity between social club and those in power as international integration is increasing on all levels. Some multilateral treaties establish an international organization that is concerned with the provisions the treaty entails. The united Nations The most know international organization, made up of states, is the unite Nations(UN). It was established via the UN postulate, a multilateral treaty, stating its goals, procedures, means and measures and much more on how all participants were to act. It started with 51 member states and it has 1 93 nowadays.The UN is an organization that reaches all over the globe and it is likely for every member to address a problem during certain occasions(Scott,2008). The UN is as it were an umbrella organization, it established umpteen others to carry out what was concord upon in the UN charter. The UN has so many organizations that it practically is involved all over the world with all kinds of problems on economical, social and fight matters(Scott, 2008). The UN charter is made of some(prenominal) articles, divided in chapters, paragraphs and subparagraphs. It is an immense agreement on how states should interact, develop, succor and much more.The first article states the UNs main purpose on which it was founded after cosmea War II. Article 1 The Purposes of the coupled Nations are 1. To maintain international quiet and warranter, and to that end to take stiff corporate measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the two-eyed violet, and for the suppression of acts of trespass or other exposees of the mollification, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in abidance with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or lenifyment of international disputes or situations which baron lead to a breach of the peace . To develop friendly relations among nations found on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of destinys, and to take other remove measures to strengthen universal peace 3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encourage respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or righteousness and 4. To be a centre for disparageonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends. (UN, 1945) world(prenominal) peace and security, global peace and security, a global purpose which states that all members should attend to solve and prevent problems as peacefully as possible. By signing the UN Charter a state will become part of an extensive network of rules and procedures which it has to embrace, which have been determined by them and others. The UN has increased its influence repayable to the asylum of an environment for treaty making. everyplace time the UN has become the worlds most important organization for international integration by motivating states to solve problems.Its power has be justified by its members and the agreements between them (Schooyans, 2001). The major organs of the UN are the security Council, the internationalistic Court of Justice, the Economical and Social Council and the planetary Assembly. For finding an make to my question the focus will be on the warrantor Council. The tribute Council is an organ that is most known due to the measures it can take. It is made up out of 5 indissoluble members and 10 non permanent members which will be selected by the General Assembly. Its permanent members are China, The get together Kingdom, The regular army, France and Russia.In chapter V of the Charter articles are specify to state its purpose. Article 24 1. In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United Nations, its Members shoot the breeze on the surety Council direct state for the maintenance of international peace and security, and agree that in carrying out its duties under(a) this province the security measures Council acts on their behalf. (UN, 1945). All members should sustain the credentials Council informed, an obligation to make sure the UN can act if this is required.The five permanent members have a prevent right, meaning they can dismiss certain decisions even when they are urgent, generally accepted and bulk voted. According to article 42 and 43 of the UN charter the warrantor Council is able to action measures as economical and political exclusion, named sanctions. If no positive result follows, then it is allowed to use article 43 stating it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or relate international peace and security.Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Nations. (UN, 1945). Whenever the certification Council comes to an agreement about what measures should be interpreted it presents a fortitude, a formal statement, extensively describing what is to come, how it is to come and who should be involved. A resolution could form the basis for a soldiery preventive. A problem that needs attention, check to the Security Council is (article 39).. any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression (UN, 1945).The Security council has presented sextuple resolutions with regards to an act of aggression such as resolution 83 and 84, 1950, to use force to repel the armed attack upon the country of Korea by for ces of North Korea. (Scott,2010, p. 103). The use of force has been authorized through more resolutions regarding, Kuwait, Somalia and Sudan. tone back at the main question, it might be tempting to say that an organ, with multiple members, working for a safe and touch on world is a definite yes. International integration has reached a point where there is a collective choice.A democratically (up boulder clay the veto) determined procedure that takes into account agreed norms and values by just about all states. The vision was formed by 51 founding members and today the charter is approximately universal. When a decision to interfere, to use force, to assort sovereignty, to ensure safety and security is made it becomes clear that this world is so interconnected, that it lets an organization descend over life and death. Determining if the use of force is necessary, is not only led by the Security Council, it is allowed to ask help and advice to reach a conclusion.Many internatio nal organizations get track of human rights and they are eagre to alarm the security council to act, with sanctions or force, when they think something needs to be changed. Their expertise and resources make them trustworthy, not only for the Security Council but also for the world population. The increasing interconnection of the world makes it possible for these organizations to counterpane their worries and claims faster than ever before due to technological innovations as the internet, smart phones and global beam channels.International integration benefits from these technological innovations as problems become more visible and are spread faster. Communication and cooperation between organizations and states can lead to fast decisions and less damage to those under threat. International interventions, canonical by the Security council, have increased in be since the windup of the cold war. The 1990s can be appointed as the decade where most international interventions t ook place. It is also in this halt that the idea of diplomacy over the use of force blurred.The use of force, force interventions, became a short term solution that would end the suffering of those suppressed. With regards to the twentieth century Afghanistan and Iraq are the most violent interventions so far. aft(prenominal) the 9/11 terrorist attack in vernal-York, the USA promoted and executed the war on terror. This replaced the idea behind interventions for humanitarian and conflict reasons to a new enemy international terrorism and its supporting regimes. The use of madness became a tool to s dole out off the opponent as well as completely deactivating him.Inner state conflicts that have been turn to increasingly over the past two decades are a relative new symptom for the UN and its Security Council. Shifting from conflicts between states to a state in conflict with itself. The traditional rules for peace keeping did not apply for these kinds of conflicts(Zandee, 2012). International integration reaches to the very integrity of states, as seen with the use of resolutions. non only in cooperative ways, but also in the form of interventions authorize through cooperation between states.The link between globalization and the UN is in its cooperative character, where the United Nations provides a ground for discussion, problem solving, initiatives and the creation of rules. The UN promotes development on different levels and multiple fields and it is to be reached through cooperation between its members (Bertucci & Alberti, 2001). In the year 2000 the UN millenary Summit was held for the purpose of the discussion and adaptation of the UN millennium Declaration. Over 150 world eaders lastly adopted the declaration, agreeing on the goals it set out to achieve for the upcoming 15 years such as less poverty, better health care and non-violence. Important was the furiousness on better and more efficient cooperation between its members, an increase of international integration. iodin of the main points made was to make globalization a positive force for all worlds people (Sneyd, 2005). Syria Syria is a state in the middle east neighboring Jordan, Israel, Turkey, Lebanon and Iraq. Its main source of income is the oil- and gas industry and a small sector of tourism can be found at the Mediterranean sea.Syria has had several(prenominal) conflicts over time regarding grease with its neighboring states (Donker & Janssen, 2011). Syrias recent history has been used as one of the many motives for the fends that arose in the spring of 2011. In 1967 the Syrian political party Baath took power by a coupe, overthrowing the government. After this, in 1970, the Baathist Hafez al-Assad took power in his own hands via a second coupe. He used his array connections, as he fought in many sections, too establish a trustworthy security force. Hafez al-Assad appointed many relatives and friends to several high political and military functi ons.In the initiation he was not very universal as he originated from a relatively small confederation of Alawi. Syria houses a cast of subcultures and religious sects and multiple conflicts between them have passed over time. Yet, the majority of Syria supported him for manner of speaking stability to the economy and its inhabitants. This changed over time as Hafez al-Assads regime became more bossy and the economy started to fail. In the 1970s uprisings begun, which became more and more violent under the leadership of the Islamic Brotherhood.An example is its sniper campaign targeting the governments representatives. Many inhabitants did not support this way of protesting and the increasing cognizance of the Brotherhoods intentions gave way for Hafez al-Assad to act brutally in 1982. This was the final standoff between the Islamists and the regime and it took place in Hama. An estimated number of culturedian causalities varies between 5000 to 20000. Hafez al-Assads ruler ship was based on fear and showed revolting consequences for those laborious to reverse it. The media was state controlled and salve is in present day (Donker & Janssen, 2011).To gain stability after the uprisings Hafez al-Assad assigned more political positions to other sub baseing members of Syria. In chemical reaction to the Brotherhood, any political form of Islam was strictly forbidden. During the late 1980s and 1990s Syria underwent, as many other states due to ending of the cold war, economic liberation. Policies developed in reality improved the position of political elites who had the resources to engage in exclusive economic deals. The strain between state, now seen as corrupt, and its society grew. In July 2000 Bashar al-Assad succeeded his father and he has been the leader of Syria ever since.His attitude and means concerned with ruling Syria do not quit that much from his father societys voice and administration are s cashbox not consistent as a small s ort out owns most of the states power as well as economical and military resources. Bashar al-Assads nationalism, clientelism and severe repression held up over the years until surround 2011 (Donker & Janssen, 2011). On March 6, 2011, children that were not older than 15 wrote the text the people motive the fall of the regime (in Syrian) in the Confederate city Daraa. The children were arrested and tortured by Syrian security forces.Protests arose in response to this incident, first locally, but it did not take long for the remaining Syrians to participate in across the nation demonstrations. At first uprisings were generally peaceful, as people remembered what happened under his fathers ruler ship. Yet, over time certain protest groups became more violent and separated themselves from the mainstream, but still recalling its support (Donker & Janssen, 2011). Videos posted on YouTube of the arrests spread a wide timbre of anger, among citizens, but also internationally (Ti mes, 2011).Anti governmental movements have been suppressed to underground spheres under the ruler ship of the al-Assads and its police state. Yet, there was an opening for coming out now. dungeon for protests and coordinated uprisings were now present and several movements tried to gather as much people as possible. Thus, it happened several times that the government controlled media was manipulated to prevent protest onward motion as when mobile phone networks were closing as well as many websites (Zoepf, 2011).The so-called Arab Spring started at the end of declination 2010 as a series of protests and demonstrations across several North African and center of attention Eastern states, such as in Libya, Egypt, Lebanon, Tunisia and also in March 2011 in Syria (Schippers, 2011). The Arab Spring was mostly led by the voices of youngsters concerned with their next. The feeling of repression, unemployment, depravity and undersized democratic value triggered many to protest again st their current leaders and governments. Many other states were showing symptoms of breaking regimes, motivating Syrians to relate to fight for their cause (Schippers, 2011).The peaceful protests gave way for more violent ones once the government started to repress them with violence. Heavy military resources were used to break up demonstrations as well as targeted assaults on protest group leaders (Schippers, 2011). More and more, images, videos and reports came from Syria and were spread all over the world. The cruel acts of armed government forces towards accomplishedians were portrayed as terroristic, suppressive, inhumane and in violation with international laws (Khalay, 2011). As in other Spring states, governments were not going to settle easy.Violence was commonly used in Egypt and the elevation example is Libya where the protests led to a polished war between government and several protest groups. The killing of noncombatants by a central, repression based government was described as a crime and the international union was to be involved soon (Khalay, 2011). absolution International is an international organization concerned with human rights. It is mayor player in international integration, as its reports trigger discussion, make change and picture current developments.During the Arab Spring, oblivion International has been highly concerned with the treatment of civilians. Reports about Syria indicate serious human rights violations and the organization is alarming the international community to act to diaphragm these practices. Violent attacks harm civilians and there is a lack of primary resources and security. It is a situation that needs to be changed and it needs to be changed fast as these gross violations lead to more causalities every day (Khamis, 2012). International intervention returns to the picture.Up till recent day the inner state conflict Syria is dealing with, is still not resolved. Thousands of deaths are tomfooling an ongoing civil war which seems not to end on a short notice as the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad still enjoys military support(although some soldiers turned over) as well as scarce, stock-still important macrocosm support. The international community, with the UN as main player, has alarm the Syrian government to cop its activities and has employ multiple sanctions to pressure its movement and resources such as oil export restrictions (Iadtu, 2011).The security council has been involved since the beginning of the cruel acting of the armed government forces. The Arab Spring has been interpreted as a period of humanitarian crimes, where old repressive regimes are tried to be destroyed (Iadtu, 2011). The Security Council approved a military intervention in Libya, shelling governmental buildings, weapons depots and providing resources and manpower to the democratic impedance. The bombings were made till the extent that they destroyed most of Libyas military force used for repr ession.Thus, the join of civilian, unintended, casualties were high. The creation of an integrated democratic governmental structure has shown some progress, but the latest report indicates new instability as power protest groups now claims power and use force to gain this (Nazemroaya, 2012). The Security Council has send negotiators, as Kofi Annan, to Syria to discuss possible diplomatic solutions to end the conflict. Yet, Bashar al-Assad does not expect to comply. Its government is also stating that it is fighting terrorist groups and not the entire population of Syria.He refers to groups of protestors that are well armed and are targeting the Syrian government. It accuses the USA and other westsideern countries of supplying the opposition with resources to take out the government. In response to this acquisition the Western society claims the protestors need to defend themselves from ongoing governmental attacks (Cunningham, 2012). The Security Council has suggested a similar intervention as in Libya, thus Russia and China stood in the way as they vetoed this proposal.Russia has been internationally criticized for the ongoing weapon supply to the Syrian government. affair helicopters have been shipped several times and the USA is the main opponent of this practice as it implies Russia is supporting the al-Assad regime and therefore grace it means on how to settle the conflict. Russia says it is not violating any international laws and that it is providing the helicopters for protection and not for attack (Lathd, 2012) Russia is Syrias biggest arm supplier, it houses the only Russian naval base in the Mediterranean Sea.Syria has quite some Russian inhabitants and the Russian Orthodox church is influential regarding certain accommodations and populations in Syria (Carr, 2012). Besides these interests, other factors play a big role. Russia played its veto card with the statement that it does not want to see a Libya scenario again. That includes many civil ian victims, the rise of radical Islamism and a lot of costs (Carr, 2012). It is stopping the Security Council from pickings action in the form of an military intervention.It can also be taken in consideration that Putin faced some severe resistance when he reassigned himself as president and its resulting protests. reinforcement another military intervention might give Putin onward as a person involuntary to participate in overthrowing repression led governments, as Russia might be labeled as such with suspicious democratic regulations (Lathd, 2012). The Security Council has not been able to stop the conflict, merely its sanctions are felt more every day. But also these means of conflict suppression are not only inflicting al-Assads government, large parts of the population are facing below average standards of living.Russia also shares the opinion that Western states are providing resources to destroy the regime (Cunningham, 2012). Cunningham(2012) and Nazemroaya(2012) argue that international interventions are a tool of Western imperialism, modern colonialism. The power of the Security Council and its main members has freehanded towards a way to change states in such a way that the West will benefit from it, such as open economies ready for more foreign investments. The Western media plays a significant role in portraying situation as cruel and is good at move the populations emotions and opinions.It tries to justify their actions by showing images of killed children, plot of land negative reporting about NATO bombing and the resulted civilian deaths are hard to find. Once violence has started it is important to supply the opponent, in this case the protestors, with arms, so it can be said that the government, when shooting with sharp, is harming civilians. It is important that the media will justify the intervention with help from international organizations such as Amnesty International. The duty 2 Protect has been used under the headline humanita rianism to execute violent operations as seen in Iraq, Afghanistan and Libya.The Security Council, and the UN, have enormous international powers and are able to root over death and life. The hegemon plays an important in addressing and executing issues and missions. Much military interventions have led to the destruction of regimes and set boundaries for future development. Syrians are pessimistic about a foreign intervention as some of them still support al-Assad. It is unlikely that Russia will set for a new stress soon, leaving the situation of ongoing civil war to continue (Cunningham, 2012) (Nazemroaya, 2012).Up till present day no military intervention has been undertaken. Constant overturn about the use of such a mean slows the power to act and protect down. Syria is under international interest, but the international community has not yet found a way to act and stop the violence. The conflict in Syria provides a better look at the problems international integration is fa cing when debate and veto votes lead to a stop in developing solutions for conflict. The democratic diorama leads to a proper justification of the Security Councils decisions, but it turns against him when there is no cohesion.The consequences are severe, as Syria remains in a civil conflict. Conclusion The answer to the main question revolves around the process of globalization, the United Nations and the current conflict in Syria. International integration has generated an interconnected world, in where more is known then ever before and where states are generating cooperation. The change in communication resources has led to a network of intelligence where one can find and bring on almost everything. Accessibility, fluidity and transparency mark modern times.The United Nations is a hot flash example of international integration and it will continue to be. Its goals, declarations, treaties and resolutions illustrate the worldwide need for international integration and its furth er development. The UNs power has increased over time and the Security Council is one of the most profound organs to achieve its goals. The validity of the resolutions is determined by the permanent members, powerful actors in the world with more influence than other states. fib illustrates interventions as successful means to stop violent conflicts and generate peace.Thus, this should be claimed with care as the current conflict in Syria is not benefitting from international integration. The empire steers the interests of the UN, yet others are able to influence its goals. As the USA is a superior military-, economical- and political power in the world, its influence has great consequence for international integration. World peace is one of the main goals of the United Nations and the integration of states worldwide has set out several positives achievements. Is international integration an advantage or disadvantage for world peace?The United Nations motivate international integra tion and its goals are clear. It wants to distribute wealth, create common interests of concern and stop violent conflicts. If international integration was less intense than it is nowadays, the legality of actions by states would be less, possibly provoking new conflicts. The democratic procedures justify the UNs actions and consensus is properly reached. Yet, as the Syria case has shown, it also slows down the process of acting. Overall I would like to answer the question with an advantage.Cooperation leads to efficient usage of resources as knowledge, money and weapons. It also integrates multiple interests and reflects opinions. The experience of the UNs goals creates a justifications for its actions and therefore prevents further conflict. If ( almost ) universal goals and means are approved, acting for the sake of world peace will be accepted faster. Bibliography Bertucci, G. , & Alberti, A. (2001). Globalization and the Role of the State Challenges and Perspectives. New Y ork United Nations. Carr, B. (2012, June 25). Syrian Solution Lies in Putins Hands.The Australian , p. 7. Cunningham, F. (2012). how the Arab League Has Become a weapon of Western Imperialism. Global Research. Donker, T. H. , & Janssen, F. (2011). Supporting the Syrian Summer Dynamics of the uprising and Considerations for International Engagement. The Hague Clingendael Institute. Fincle, P. , & Govale, E. (2012, February 10). Globalisation. Retrieved July 1, 2012, from BBC Bitesize http//www. bbc. co. uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/globalisation Giddens, A. (2000). Runaway World How Globalization is Reshaping Our Lives. capital of the United Kingdom Routeledge Taylor and Francis.Goldstein, J. , & Pevehouse, J. (2011). International Relations. capital of the United Kingdom Pearson. Iadicola, P. (2008). Globalization and Empire. International Journal of Social head , 3-36. Iadtu, S. (2011, August 18). Can western sanctions touch Bashar al-Assad? Guardian Comment Networ k . Jeffery, S. (2002, October 21). What is globalisation? Retrieved July 1, 2012, from The Guardian http//www. guardian. co. uk/world/2002/oct/31/globalisation. simonjeffery Khalay, D. (2011, October 24). capital of Syria may have to revise its political mindset. BBC Monitoring Middle East , p. 10.Khamis, N. (2012, July 2). historical arms trade negotiations a pass off to prevent future Syrian-style slaughter. Amnesty International Annual Report . Lathd, S. (2012). Russias veto on Syria resolution sign or changing world order. BBC Worldwide Monitoring. Lombaerde, P. d. , & Iapadre, P. L. (2007). International Integration and Societal Progress A Critical Review of Globalisation Indicators. genus Paris OECD. Maier, C. (2005). An American Empire? The Problems of Frontiers and Peace in Twenty-First Century Politics. In L. C. Young, The New American Empire (pp. 9-11).New-York The New Press. Nazemroaya, M. D. (2012). From the refrigerated War to NATOs Humanitarian Wars The Compl icity of the United Nations. Global Research. Schippers, H. (2011, July). Op eigen kracht taai verzet van Syrische oppositie. Internationale Spectator , pp. 401-404. Schooyans, M. (2001). The United Nations and Globalization. Louvain Louvain University. Scott, S. V. (2010). International Law in World Politics. London Lynne Rienner Publishers. Shaw, M. N. (2008). International Law. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Sneyd, A. (2005). UN Millennium Summit.Hamilton McMaster University. Times, T. N. (2011, March 19). In Syria, Crackdown After Protests. The New York Times , p. 10. UN. (1945). UN Charter. San Fransisco UN. Zandee, D. (2012, April). International Interventies Lessons learned. Retrieved June 28, 2012, from www. clingendeal. nl http//www. clingendael. nl/search/results. html? term= beam+Zandee&start=1&division_id=&target=author Zoepf, K. (2011, April 28). huge Repressed in Syria, an Internal antagonist Takes Shape. The New York Times , p. 12. &8212&8212&8212&8 212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 1 .Transnational corporations, also called multinational corporations, are corporations operating in multiple states all over the world. An example is McDonalds, with restaurants in more than 100 countries 2 . Sovereignty is seen as a concept of a state being commutative from other states influences. It entails that a certain grunge that belongs to a state should not be interfered by another state so that it is free to make its own choices, create laws and determine a governmental form. 3 . In this context the word regime refers to states that are lead by dictators, corruption and unjustified government violence.

'Business versus Environment Essay\r'

'Businesses would always want to go for more profit but this should be accomplished period in similar manner pickings into nib its friendly responsibilities. In the bulky run, on that point is an hoard up need for employment entities to ease between profit and the uncomely effect the wrinkle causes to the surround in its natural run-in of operations. Choosing non to rate the social and milieual costs associated with the vocation result result in little spending for operations but this in turn whitethorn chance upon the survivability of the business entity.\r\n Many businessmen executives study tangibleised that aggressive surroundingsal programs result in profitability and competitiveness by trim back risks and avoiding summarizeitional costs from regulatory compliance programs. milieual initiatives has its benefits for a business. It acts as esprit de corps and productivity boosters for the workers, enhanced brand image, streamline time-to-m arket and improved relations with regulators and the community. It is now graspable that an understanding of socio-stinting, political and cultural processes and structures is prerequisite to understand surroundingsal problems and in swan to establish sustainable phylogeny.[1]\r\n It can non be denied that through the course of its operations, business does affect the environment in umteen ways practically(prenominal)(prenominal) as pollution and introduction of sore chemical compounds which whitethorn prove foul to large number or the environment, genetic engine room and some other(a)s. How a business affects the environment may be deliberate or accidental but there atomic number 18 besides some businesses that improve the quality of the environment.[2]\r\n To cite, all countries atomic number 18 rattling much open on the anele labor and the industry is essential in any mental of economy. It produces huge amounts of profit for c over producing countries while non- crude producing countries make water showed dependence on crude fossil vegetable oil colour because of the need to run vehicles or to burn down industries. But with the production of oil as well as stems a need to provide championship to numerous environmental concerns that arise with it.\r\n An oil spill is sightly one of the risks associated with the oil industries. It is a grave threat to the shipboard soldier eco trunk and as well as to the state lively serious the coastline who depend on the marine re ejaculates for their diet and income. In an oil spill climb up the coast of Guimaras Is footings in the Philippines, one of the oil oil tankers of Petron carrying millions of liters of oil sank to the bottom of the sea floor. The nonessential was the worst oil spill in the country which touch the 40,000 masses living on the is trim who are mostly aquiline on the sea. Guimaras Governor Joaquin Nava was frustrated over the absence of commitment from the government field and Petron to solve the oil spill. Greenpeace on the other hand has much fear that the stay 1.9 million liters of oil inside the deep-set tanker will cause more damage when released into the sea.\r\nThere was public take aim that Petron immediately raise the sunken tanker to prevent more oil acquittance or to pump out the stay oil from its tanks. Relief operations were excessively needed to compensate for the commonwealth of Guimaras Is overthrows because of the red ink of livelihood. Greenpeace urged that the local government should hold the oil participation liable and that it should be responsible for the considerable-term rehabilitation of the moved(p) areas including the marine sanctuaries, mangrove areas, reefs and coral ecosystems.[3]\r\n The situation urged Petron to coiffe its social responsibility for the accident or it would face charges from environmentalist groups or other consequences such as banning their products or paying fines if proven guilty when the aspect is brought to the court of law. Taking responsibility for the environmental hazards will even engender the company a better image that it cares not only for profit but also gives importance to its social responsibilities. The business should gather in that environmental concerns could turn into an instant merchandising opportunity.[4] Instead of having bad effects, this could make the large number patronize their products and sooner of adding more cost, it would add more benefit.\r\n Environmental degradation, although the more desolate effect, is not the only concern brought well-nigh by oil spills. Fishermen are the ones that are greatly affected by such disasters because the fish are being killed. embrocate spills also results in the ban of ancestral and selling fish and shellfish from the soil area to maintain market government agency and to protect fishing gear. Other industries that hope on seawater in their course of operations are mainly affected by oil spills. These may hold hotel and restaurants that intrust on tourist barter or water treatment plants.[5]\r\n On the other hand, Transneft, an oil transporting joint personal credit line company initiated the Baltic pedigree system plan which would would help in securing the arctic of the environment through this pipeline system and also add a current transport route for Russian oil which is greatly needed. The system aims to minimize the oppose impact of oil on the environment. The project is believed to be one of the most fantabulous projects in the hi falsehood of Russia. In an ecological assessment of the construction of the Baltic Pipeline System, it was found out that the project complies with the environmental norms.[6] This action proves that sentry duty measures can be done to ensure environment safety while also pickings into account the needs of the economy.\r\n C ompanies do affect people the same way that people affect the companies. Almost all countries have been myrmecophilous on oil and oil export countries have been gaining a lot of income from this. concourse rely on oil to terminate vehicles, run heavy machinery and others. The escalating prices of oil have urged many countries to find other sources of elan vital such as biofuels. This somehow cut the dependence of mankind on oil.\r\n A reduced dependency on unlike oil leads to economic problems for the oil producing countries. let loose oil prices are good for oil consumers because it means less spending for oil color products but this has adverse effects on oil producers such as the countries in the Middle East which is reflected in the transaction of the economy.[7] On the other hand, effects of arise oil prices can be seen when the US experienced oil shortages in 1973 and 1979. During these instances, the US reacted harshly and its citizens even get into f ights at gasoline stations until an effort to keep abreast oil was established by the president.[8]\r\n fossil oil companies are expected by the the people to take responsibility for any environmental hazards cause by the company. One example is typesetters case Oil which has initiated and participated in many environment and social campaigns. However, the company still faces a lot of accusations that it still contributing greatly in the destruction of the environment and its refineries, depots and pipelines expose human civilization.[9]\r\n A report states that thump has been overstating its social and environmental performance and despite of adhering to its public commitment which is sustainable using, squelch has been putting the environment in much more trouble.[10] The report shows scenarios from different countries wherein shoot allegedly does not address social and environmental problems caused by faulty pipelines and others instead of going by its adherence to environment safety and sustainable development.\r\n In Canada, inbred Resources Minister Gary Lunn explains that there should be a balance between the environment and economic growth. He also said that the two are intertwined. He agreed that the reply to address the needs of the environment is reconciliation the its needs with the needs of the industry. He also emphasized the production of clean push button technology such as tidal energy. Other environment-friendly projects that Canada would pursue are development of clean coal, improvement of biofuel technology and technology that would reduce green house gases emissions and pollution.[11]\r\n record is another industry that greatly affects the environment. It is very harmful to the environment especially under-the-counter record. The neediness of many trees result in many adverse effects such as the tone ending of habitat for many special of mammals, birds and other animals. It al so contributes to orbicular warming and other natural disaster such as flash gushs and land slides.\r\n In the Philippines, misbranded log was a major(ip) calculate in the loss of lives due to flash floods and even land slides during the rainy season particularly in the provinces of Quezon, Nueva Ecija and Aurora. Government hydrologist Richard Orendain said that it may be hard to determine whether floods may be attributed to illegal logging or just because of heavy rainfall although it is safe to direct that illegal logging has in a way contributed to the natural disasters while frailty President Noli de Castro directly blamed illegal for floods and other past cases of flash floods and land slides.[12]\r\n In Indonesia, many people rely on the sets for their source of livelihood. According to Edward dress from the Galung Palung National Park, illegal logging is the major industry in the office. It is the main source of income for many citizens. Howe ver, despite economic gains from feel companies, the entire community does not give much benefit with the diminishing resource. mislabeled loggers constitute to a large light in timbre resources and no taxes are being paid to fund development projects for the citizens. People who work as loggers normally come from poor families and logging is not a permanent and a immutable source of income and with the rate of the depletion of the forest resources, people will have to find other sources of income in the future.[13]\r\n Indonesia has been plagued by illegal logging particularly caused by poverty and corruption. The exploitation of the natural resources was a vital factor in the economic development of the region but the government does not force all the gains because of illegal loggers that contribute greatly to the depletion of natural resources but do not pay the necessary taxes which could have been used to fund various environmental problems.[14]\r\n Loggers should be responsible enough to aid environment because this is where they get their income. The rapid loss of forest resources which contributes greatly to global warming and loss of biodiversity would also affect the loggers. Instead of polish off logging in which all the trees are being cut down in an area, loggers can resort to selective logging which is much less harmful and would give the forest time to recuperate.\r\n In the end, there is a strong need for businesses to balance between their income and social and environmental responsibilities. It may not seem beneficial and in truth results in more spending for the company. However, taking to account the social and environmental responsibilities of the business would prove beneficial in the long course of business operations. Just like in the logging business, taking aggregate measures to avoid total destruction of forest resources will ascertain that the business will not run out of functional resour ces. Likewise, oil production, which is associated with many adverse effects to the environment, may still choose to have an environment-friendly image which could boost its marketing drive. These extra costs should not be considered as expenses but rather as investments.\r\nBibliography\r\nAl Marashi, Habiba, Business vs. Environment, swear out 19, 2002, Retrieved 23 bunt 2008 from http://www.dqg.org/qcentral/dqg_events/seminars/mar02/business.asp\r\nPetron oil spill affected 40,000 people says Governor, InfoShop News, 2006 Retrieved 23 demo 2008, from http://www.infoshop.org/inews/ bind.php?story=2006082101433380\r\n sparing Impacts, The International tank ship Owners Pollution union Limited, 2007, Retrieved frame 23, 2006, from http://www.itopf.com/marine%2Dspills/effects/economic%2Dimpacts/\r\nBaltic Pipeline System, Transneft, 2002, Retrieved 23 edge 2008, from http://www.transneft.ru/Ecolog/Default.asp?LANG=EN&ID=219\r\nKoe pp, Stephen, Oil Prices, April 1986, sequence Magazine, Retrieved 23 action 2008, from http://www.time.com/time/ mag/article/0,9171,961087-1,00.html\r\nRefinery Reform/Global participation manage/Friends of the Earth, Behind the diversify †the real impacts of bewilder’s work round the world, June 23, 2004, Retrieved 23 manifest 2008, from http://www.refineryreform.org/PR_062304.html\r\nBehind the shine: The other Shell Report 2003, 2003, p.2, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.refineryreform.org/downloads/shellreport_behindtheshine.pdf\r\nBarlow, John, Tories want balance in environment and economy, June 30, 2007. Vol. 32 No. 44, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.westernwheel.com/070606/news-tories%20want %20balance.htm\r\nTerra Daily, Illegal logging a major factor in flood wipeout of Philippines, December 1, 2004, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.terradaily.com/2004/041201072 557.jj82upor.html\r\nThe caliber mafia, Consequences of Illegal Logging: Environmental Implications,2002, Retrieved 24 March 2008, from http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2002/timber_mafia/resources/\r\n[1] Al Marashi, Habiba, Business vs. Environment, March 19, 2002, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.dqg.org/qcentral/dqg_events/seminars/mar02/business.asp\r\n[2] Al Marashi\r\n[3] Petron oil spill affected 40,000 people says Governor, InfoShop News, 2006, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.infoshop.org/inews/article.php?story=2006082101433380\r\n[4] Al Marashi\r\n[5] Economic Impacts, The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited, 2007, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.itopf.com/marine%2Dspills/effects/economic%2Dimpacts/\r\n[6] Baltic Pipeline System, Transneft, 2002, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from\r\n http://www.transneft.ru/Ecolog/Default.asp?LANG=EN&ID=219\r\n[7] Koepp, Stephen, Oil Prices, Apri l 1986, Time Magazine, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,961087-1,00.html\r\n[8] Koepp\r\n[9] Refinery Reform/Global Community Monitor/Friends of the Earth, Behind the shine †the real impacts of Shell’s work around the world, June 23, 2004, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.refineryreform.org/PR_062304.html\r\n[10] Behind the shine: The other Shell Report 2003, 2003, p.2, Retrieved 23 March 2008, from http://www.refineryreform.org/downloads/shellreport_behindtheshine.pdf\r\n[11] Barlow, John, Tories want balance in environment and economy, June 30, 2007. Vol. 32 No. 44, Retrieved 23 March 2008 from http://www.westernwheel.com/070606/news-tories%20want%20balance.htm\r\n[12] Terra Daily, Illegal logging a major factor in flood devastation of Philippines, December 1, 2004, Retrieved 23 March 2008 from http://www.terradaily.com/2004/041201072557.jj82upor.html\r\n[13] The Timber Mafia, Consequences of Illegal Logging: E nvironmental Implications,2002, Retrieved 24 March 2008, from http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2002/timber_mafia/resources/\r\n resources_consequences1.htm\r\n[14] The Timber Mafia\r\n'

'Cooling Water Lab\r'

'Cooling irrigate Lab solid ground: 1. Temperature is a measure of molecular transaction; the average kinetic power of the particles. 2. enkindle is a form of slide fastener that flows from a system at a higher(prenominal) temperature to a system at a lower temperature; the come in kinetic muscle of the particles. Hypothesis: If two beakers containing different tots of fervid pee are placed into an drinking glass bath, then the one containing ________ ( much(prenominal) or less) peeing will cool down more quickly. Materials: 2 Beakers Ice Hot Water 2 Thermometers Graph Paper physical process: 1.Copy the data table onto your paper. 2. With stopper in place, fill basin (sink at science lab table) about half full of icing the puck. 3. maneuver one beaker containing 400 ml of sweltering body of peeing and one beaker containing vitamin C ml of hot body of water into the ice bath. 4. bear witness the temperature of each beaker every two transactions for twenty mi nutes. 5. Construct line graphs of your data. magazine will be on the X axis and temperature on the Y axis. information Table: ???????? Analysis and Conclusion Questions: 1. What was your conjecture? 2. Was your assumption supported by your data? . What is temperature? 4. What is warmth? 5. Which beaker contained more rut energy? 6. How are soup up and temperature different? 7. How would the amount of energy clothed by melt 10 grams of ice compare with the energy released by freeze 10 grams of water? 8. If you miscellaneous 20. 0 ml of 20. 0 oC water with 20. 0 ml of 60. 0 oC water, what would be the final temperature of the mixture? 9. If you complex 10. 0 ml of 20. 0 oC water with 30. 0 ml of 60. 0 oC water, what would be the final temperature of the mixture? 10. weave pictures of a teacupful and a vat both(prenominal) alter with water at the said(prenominal) temperature (show recounting particle movement). Which contains more heat? 11. A candle and a bonfire both bu rn at about the same temperature. Compare the heat content of each. more or less material adapted from ChemSource: Instructional Resources for Preservice and Inservice chemistry Teachers. KEY Analysis and Conclusion Questions: 1. What was your hypothesis? Answers will vary. 2. Was your hypothesis supported by your data? Answers will vary. 3. What is temperature? easure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a have of matter 4. What is heat? measure of the total kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter 5. Which beaker contained more heat energy? The beaker containing 400 ml. 6. How are heat and temperature different?7. How would the amount of energy absorbed by melting 10 grams of ice compare with the energy released by freezing 10 grams of water? It would be the same. 8. If you mix 20. 0 ml of 20. 0 oC water with 20. 0 ml of 60. 0 oC water, what would be the final temperature of the mixture? 0. 0 oC 9. If you mixed 10. 0 ml of 20. 0 oC water with 30. 0 ml of 60. 0 oC water, what would be the final temperature of the mixture? 50. 0 oC 10. Draw pictures of a teacup and a bathtub both filled with water at the same temperature (show relative particle movement). Which contains more heat? Pictures; the bathtub. 11. A candle and a bonfire both burn at about the same temperature. Compare the heat content of each. Bonfire has more heat. Temperature (oC) condemnation (minutes) Beaker with 400 ml water Beaker with 100 ml water 0 2 4 6 20\r\n'

'Uses of Genetic Recombination\r'

' transmittedal Recombination cistrontic recombination is the rule in which a molecule of nucleic acid, norm solelyy a strand of desoxyribonucleic acid (deoxyribonucleic acid) plainly can peradventure be ribonucleic acid (ribonucleic acid) is broken and then combined with other different strand of nucleic acid. Overview Genetic recombination has occurred by nature since the very first bacteria and by our ancient ancestors although they didn’t know at the measure. It’s moreover in the extend few decades that we stimulate begun to understand and formulate our skill to use it to our improvements.Originally thousands of years past our ancestors abandoned the hunter-gather lifestyle and started to pursue agriculture. By doing so they took the flora and fauna that showed the nearly desirable characteristics and cultivated them while at the same while killing those with little desirable characteristics. This method gave rise to non-homogeneous species such a s the unwashed dog. much(prenominal) products like yogurt and wines were then produced although the reasons wherefore they were produced re primary(prenominal)ed unknown. This is a very basic moral of Genetic Recombination/ Genetic Engineering.As our arrangement of DNA and Genetics advanced especially in the 20th century this has led to advances into invigorated fields of research and benefits. With better understanding it has allowed us to combat diverse and mixed problems that we face. Benefits Medical The benefits of genetic recombination atomic number 18 big in relevance to medical biotechnology and the Medical sector as a whole. It has allowed cures to be created for what was in previous centuries a death sentence. a) Genetic testing †Genetic testing allows doctor to determine if an unborn baby is at risk of a genetic abnormality or defect.This allows precautions to be taken to ensure the babies survival and possibly to form a treatment to inform the impact of t he defect. It can also be employ to identify the causes of conditions in adults that are suffering from a genetic disorder. b) Gene Therapy †Gene Therapy has allowed physicians to treat some(prenominal) communicable genetic and non-hereditary disorders such as human immunodeficiency virus, Asthma, Neurodegenerative diseases, umteen forms of cancer, etc. Cancer: There has been much progress in combating cancer and oncogenes (tumour producing genes), several genetic therapies’ that be in possession of been discovered to actively combat malignant cells. Replace mutated or missing genes with their normal healthy equivalents. * reform immune system response to cancerous cells by inserting T-cell receptor (TCR) gene into exsanguinous blood cells which attach to cancerous cells create the immune system to target the cancer. human immunodeficiency virus: Although in that respect is no cure for HIV at the moment, research with genetically engineered viruses on knockout mice suck in prevented infection and the mice have shown to retain the protection aft(prenominal) a full year, indicating that genetic manipulation could before long provide a vaccination to HIV. ) cake of muller’s Ratchet †If genetic recombination did not occur it would lead to the throw up of harmful genetic mutations which if allowed to go unchecked would eventually cause a species to go extinct. Genetic recombination allows the genetic fabric to be varied and diversified which prevents Muller’s ratchet from occurring in species who action sexual reproduction and not sexless reproduction. (Kreuzer and Massey, 2008, 6, 19-24, 89-96) AgricultureGenetic manipulation of more sectors of agriculture has been the pore of attention from the public for some quantify over the production of genetically special(a) organisms (GMO’s). However genetically modify organisms have legion(predicate) proven benefits which have been an advantage to the realnes s. It has been employ to increase yields, improve the nutritional value of the food, boost pest resistance and many others (Kreuzer and Massey, 2008, 6). * Certain GMO’s have been grown in areas previously hostile to certain species, increased cold/ light up/water resistant have allowed these crops to be harvested instead of failing. Virus resistant GMO’s have prevented whole crops failing to joint and lethal viruses in the countries they are grown. Soybeans which there is long demand for are well susceptible to Pseudomonas amygdali pv Glycinea a common bacteria in United States which is the main producer of soybeans at 33% of the world production. However with the use of genetic recombined soybeans at 85% in the United States, the intermediate loss has considerably dropped contributing to the legal community of starvation in certain countries. (GMO Compass, Soybeans, declination 3rd 2008) In December of 2005 Zambia judge GM maize to prevent a famine from occ urring in the country, if the GM grocery store had not been available at the time there would have been insufficient non-genetically modify food to prevent a famine. ( industrial The industrial applications of Genetic recombination have been used for thousands of years but in late years the applications have increased countlessly. 1) provender †a. Genetically recombined bacteria have been used to produce cheese in colossal quantities cheaply. b.Several different Vegetables and Fruits have been genetically neutered to increase their size, shape and colour. Bananas have been changed so they stay green for longer until they off their destination, while at the same time tobacco has been engineered so that it has little to no nicotine content. 2) Medical †Production of artificial insulin, vaccines and ontogenesis hormones have been used to treat some of the most common ailments in existence. ethical motive of genetic Recombination The ethics of genetic recombination al ter as there are many ethics viewed depending on a large number of factors all of which contradict distributively other.The potential of genetic recombination on military personnel has been debated and many arguments for and against have been formulated. They are launch on somatic therapy and enhancement which only affects only one generation, the other is germ-line therapy and enhancement which affect every generation after the one it is manipulated in. Manipulating human genetic steady down by somatic recombination allows repairs to be make to a human with damaged genes, a human with damaged genes could be theoretically cured, which has been achieved already in a limited scale.Manipulating human genetic make-up by germ-line recombination however will cause the modified genes to be passed on to any and all offspring which could have unpredictable vituperative or fatal consequences in the future. speckle therapy will only cure diseases, the possibilities of enhancement have many benefits but many more ethical issues. It would cause unlikeness as only the rich could feed it and religious persecution of it as â€Å"Playing divinity” and the changes could have unintended consequences later in life.These various effects have do it a hotly debated issue in which there is little middle ground for any party involved devising the future of genetic recombination impossible to deduce. References molecular(a) Biology and Biotechnology, Helen Kreuzer and Adrianne Massey, 3rd Edition, 2008, ASM Press, uppercase DC GMO Compass, Soybeans, December 3rd 2008, Online, http://www. gmo-compass. org/eng/grocery_shopping/crops/19. genetically_modified_soybean. html THE moral philosophy OF GENETIC ENGINEERING, David Koepsell, August 2007, Centre of Inquiry, Washington DC, http://www. centerforinquiry. net/uploads/attachments/genetic-engineering-ethics_2. pdf\r\n'

'Family Factors That Influence Students’ Behavior in School\r'

'The conventional family structure has changed over the years because of disjoint, private elicit billets, two-c arer families and financial hardship. In an unstable environment, a infant whitethorn act out causing roiled air in initiate. inform personnel bulk with each pupil on an individual floor to figure out what factors are influencing their disruptive appearance. It is comely to note, family factors attribute to a broad spectrum of prejudicial student behavior in give lessons. Sponsored Link forego online skill Inspiring vernal ways to remove your students STEMFamily DynamicsThe graduation teacher in e precise chelas life is his enkindle. Studies render that nameal expectations towards education is evident in a nippers behavior. This is true no matter the type of family dynamics. Children with parents who keep erudition in a confirmative encouraging way curb a better demote of succeeding in aim. Too much encour get alongment or a parent with a negative, non-caring pose towards learning may lead to an undue blackjack on the small fry causing anxiety, stress, under doing and rebellion. Divorce It is not uncommon for children in a divorce stain to have behavioral issues in school.Divorce causes distress at heart a child. Their at track down wanders and worries about the divorce situation. Guilt, feelings of loss, loathe of a parent or parents within the divorce situation may cause a childs mind to wander during school hours. Possible behavioral issues embroil infringement, loss of friends, isolation, intolerance for authority, and lack of tenacity to blast assignments. Financial Hardship The socio-economic status of a family leads a parting in a students behavior. There are numerous educational advantages for children from considerably-to-do families, notwithstanding though they may have behavioral issues in school.It is, however, much than than likely that a child who lives in s skunktness or in the lower end of the middle class will repeat a grade, be su expire or may be expelled or write down out from school. Violence and Abuse The National School seriousty and Security Services states children who come from inglorious homes harbor violent tendencies. Violence or noetic abuse between parents or between parent to child manifests within a child to cause a fearful environment. The child learns that violence or mental abuse is the response to numerous situations, and may cause aggressive, disruptive and violent actions within the school system.Children exposed to sexual abuse and those that have been sexually abused may resort to sexual acts at an early age or they may feat to cart sexual acts on separates. How Can expression Affect Academics for assimilators? Academic execution isnt always an right-down measure of a students intelligence. Instead, a variety of factors, such(prenominal) as teacher involvement, parental investment, school timbre and student penury, sigh t feign pedantic life. Student behavior besides die hards a major role in donnish achievement. A students behavior tramp affect her ability to learn as well as another(prenominal) students learning environment.Sponsored Link Free online learning Inspiring recent ways to teach your studentsDisruptive BehaviorStudents who behave disruptively by bullying other students, talking during lectures or by requiring the teacher to break-dance lessons to check over them stub have a negative effect on an entire classroom. A 2010 adopt make in â€Å"Ameri potty Economic ledger: Applied Economics” found that disruptive students endure lower the assay scores and academic achievement of an entire classroom.Teachers who have disruptive students in their classroom may have to spend additional term on behavioral management, reducing the time the teachers spend teaching. Impulse Control Neurologists Sam Wang and Sandra Aamodt argue in their book â€Å"Welcome to Your Childs Br ain” that inclination go over is champion of the most pregnant factors predicting academic success. Students with low-down impulse control have much than fuss motivating themselves to subject, do planning and listen in class. This can decrease their ability to excel academically, even when they perform well on IQ and achievement tests.Wang and Aamodt emphasize that rule-setting and teaching frustration tolerance play critical roles in helping children develop impulse control. Student Motivation Even the best teachers cant force a student to learn if the student is in all unmotivated. Student motivation can determine whether a student studies or does her homework, whether she seeks additional help when she postulate it and how carefully she listens in class. A 2006 paper publish in â€Å"Annual Review of Psychology” emphasize the role that student motivation plays in learning and found that unmotivated students tend to perform more gravely.The textbook â₠¬Å"Child Psychology” cites research from developmental psychologist Albert Banudra indicating that children who are internally motivated are more likely to excel than children who bear external motivation in the form of punishments and rewards. Mental Health Disorders erudition disorders and mental health problems such as tending deficit disorder, dyslexia, autism and oppositional defiant disorder can dramatically affect student behavior. Students with oppositional defiant disorder, for example, spit out to comport authority and may frequently defy teachers and parents, accord to â€Å"Child Psychology.”Students who need mental health interventions, occupational therapy or psychoactive drugs may behave poorly in class even when teachers have slight classroom control. This can affect these students ability to learn, and students with around disorders may be unable to achieve reliable grades in typical classrooms. Things That Affect Childrens Behavior galore(pos tnominal) aspects of a childs life affect his behavior. Home and school experiences play a critical role — they ascertain the way a child develops socially, emotionally, physically and intellectually as well as how he learns to get off in rocky circumstances.Within these two environments, rest, diet, peers and parent hold each affect behavior. Sponsored Link Natural check/ fear deficit hyperactivity disorder Relief Relieve ADD/ADHD Symptoms prodigal with Safe & Homeopathic Synaptol®. synaptol-for-adhd. hellolife. can Sleep concord to the National Sleep Foundation, sleep is â€Å"the primary activity of the brain during early development. ” According to an article at CNN. com, a oeuvre produce in the journal â€Å"Pediatrics” shows that â€Å"sleepy school children make crabby classmates, p potful of land students who get flowerpot of sleep are better behaved.”The study was performed by Reut Gruber, director of the Attention Behavior an d Sleep science laboratory at the Douglas Research Center in Quebec, Canada. For one week, half the children in a class went to strike out earlier than the other half. They were healthy children with no antecedent sleep or behavioral issues. Teachers noticed significant differences in the childrens behavior. Students who slept less were overtired, impulsive and irritable. They had much more problem handling their emotions. Children who got more sleep were more resilient and alert. Diet A childs diet can also influence his behavior.In 1970, Ben Feingold created a diet that eliminated schmalzy colors, flavors, sweeteners and preservatives. It was intended as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Feingold pretend that such artificial ingredients led to hyperactivity in children. WebMD notes that â€Å"while most scientific studies have disproved Feingolds theory, some parents who have tried the elimination diet have report an improvement in their childs behav ior. ” A new study performed in 2007 supported the theory. Claudia Wallis, in a â€Å" succession” article coroneted â€Å"Hyper Kids?Cut Out Preservatives,” discusses this study, which was published in the British medical journal â€Å"The Lancet. ” The study found that common intellectual nourishment dyes and the preservative sodium benzoate can cause children to become hyperactive and distracted. Peers Peers play a powerful role in how a child behaves. Young children learn a lot about behavior through observation and oft copy each other. For instance, if a child cleans up his toys in a classroom and gets positive feedback from a teacher, another child qualification be boost to clean up her toys.If a child throws food and other children laugh, another child might then(prenominal) want to throw food, too. Peer influence on adolescents might be even more powerful. A study performed by researchers at the University of Western Ontario and published in the July/August 2007 issue the â€Å"Child cultivation” journal showed that a teenagers desire to fit in and be part of a popular free radical played a role in his behavior. while be part of a group can lead to positive feelings and actions, being part of a deviant group can lead to riskier behaviors in adolescents.Parent Discipline AbilityPath. org describes the affect of consistent positive discipline on behavior in an article titled â€Å"Positive Discipline and Guidance for Children. ” The goal of positive discipline is to guide your child to behave in socially acceptable ways. The article reviews several parent discipline styles. The authoritarian style emphasizes obedience and might intromit corporal punishment. This style of discipline can lead to insecure or aggressive behavior in children and an inability to make decisions, accord to the site.The abandoned style, in which parents are minimally involved with their children, can cause low self-esteem, little trust in people and trouble learning new skills. The permissive style of discipline lacks structure. Permissive parents rarely put on rules and tend to allow children to do whatever they please. Children parented in this way may have difficulty handling their emotions and may be less mature. Lastly, an authoritative-democratic â€or positive — parenting style involves teaching children to take state for their actions. Appropriate expectations and consequences are made clear.Good behavior is encouraged, copy and supported. This type of discipline promotes self-control and influences how a child makes decisions and interacts with the world around him. Behavior problems can affect a childs ability to learn and retain new information. Behavior problems at a young age can even predict future academic problems. Children who exhibit behavior problems at age 6 are more likely to struggle in math and recital at age 17, according to a study published in Pediatrics. hollo b ehavior problems as early as mathematical to increase your childs chances of academic success. Sponsored Link ADD/ADHDNatural ReliefEnjoy Fast ADD/ADHD Symptom Relief with Safe & Homeopathic Synaptol®. synaptol-for-adhd. hellolife. net Examples of Behavior Problems That step in With Learning Hyperactivity Hyperactive children have difficulty staying seated, which makes it difficult to complete school work. Hyperactive children also tend to be inhumeful, according to the Johns Hopkins euphony website. Children who forget things repeatedly struggle to memorize information, making learning very difficult. Hyperactive children may have difficulty active in quiet activities, such as reading or writing, because they often talk incessantly.Hyperactivity causes children to shift their attention from one activity to another quickly, which poses challenges to a child trying to complete an assignment or task. Impulsivity hotheaded children may disrupt the entire classroom by blurti ng out answers without raising their hand. Children who answer homework and test questions by writing down the first answer that comes to mind, may score poorly on their assignments. instinctive children struggle to think ahead, plan and problem-solve effectively, according to Michelle Anthony at Scholastic. com. These impulsive behaviors often interfere with learning and applying new concepts.Other impulsive behaviors, such as physical aggression or talking in class, may require disciplinary action that results in a childs removal from the classroom. Inattention Inattention deters a child from being able to focus on a single task. Instead of paying attention to the teacher, a child with attention problems may be watching other children, playing with things in his desk or just unadulterated out the window. At home, children with attention problems may take a long time to complete their homework or they may not have large mental energy to complete their assignments.Attention prob lems can also interfere with organization. An inattentive child may forget his homework or lose his assignments. Oppositional Behavior Children with oppositional behavior argue with adults and discard to follow rules. Oppositional children also struggle to take responsibility for their mistakes, according to the John Hopkins Medicine website. An oppositional child may refuse to attempt all of his work. He may also refuse refuse to participate in certain activities, such as group projects.At home, oppositional children may argue with parents about homework and may refuse to put any lying-in into completing assignments. What Are the Factors That Affect Academic transaction of Students? Factors that affect academic achievement include their take aim of intelligence. Social factors can greatly impact the academic achievements of children as well. Some social factors that should be monitored include aspiration levels, academic inclination, peer relations, social class, and home cond itions. What are the factors that affect academic achievement of students?\r\n'

'Proposal for Artemis Sportswear Company Essay\r'

' press ignoreting available expenses is something ever make-up must nail to balance to ensure productiveness and simoleons valuation accounts improer for the connection. An increase profit margin is the bottom line for any business and its stakeholders. In mark to edit out operational expenses productively Artemis activewear demand a comprehensive look at the fooling operational expenses. Cutting the everyday expenditures is in need of balance, because to much cuts bath cause dis belt of productivity which in the end will non achieve the desired make believe of increase gelt. Cutting operational expenses besides affects the reverse force of Artemis activewear. This marriage mop uper is to define the expenses that need or could be to cut to ensure the success of Artemis activewear and how these cuts will affect the workforce.\r\nCutting everyday expenses usher out garter dispirit operational expenses. When purchasing office supplies, generic is firing to b e slight expensive than brand bring up products. get the store brand name is chiefly sold at a lower embody. Buying supplies in bulk is cost effective oer a ache period of time. Leasing equipment is better than purchasing equipment. When leasing you admit the opportunity to upgrade or rank when necessary. Technology is al commissions changing and improving, so by leasing thither is the option to stay current with the sassy changes in the equipment. Leased equipment al focussings comes with an indemnification policy, which is not needed if there is a currant insurance policy with the telephoner. To avoid being double charged register with your companyÂs insurance divisor then submit a copy of the innovative insurance to the leasing company to have it dropped.\r\nSmaller equipment much(prenominal)(prenominal) as telephonys, printers, fax machines and calculators should be purchased not leased. ordinarily the smaller equipment will hold its value everyplace time an d can be easily replaced if needed. shop for bargains or sales of the smaller equipments can extradite a bowl overable amount of money. Finding a 3 in 1 package which would take on a speech sound, fax and printer can as well as cut cost. Printing in bulk is another(prenominal) way to keep be passel because sepa gaitly copy is less expensive when purchased in larger quantities.\r\nResearching various companies for the best rates on telephone services; checking both long distance and local anesthetic calling plans. Companies that have plans of unlimited local and long distance ar generally the best deals. some other possibility to look into is how much a telephone company charges for each fax that is sent. more or less companies charge a flat rate of a second instead of six second increments which adds up oer a period of time.\r\nOut sourcing is a prominent way to significantly cut down costs. The way outsourcing works is when a company obtains a cut back with another c ompany to provide services for them. in that location are more(prenominal) types of companies that specialize in some variant services. Companies can rely on outsourcing if they themselves cannot make or do not want to snuff it the money on the expensive equipment. These companies can take a crap less expensive products and labor. In most cases they do not deport their employees usefulnesss and the hourly amount the employees give birth is usually very low.\r\nThese companies typically have less overhead to worry close to, qualification it possible to pay less for their work. These types of contracts are generally shame overseas, such as China and India. Outsourcing not scarce cuts down costs, but it also can aid in expanding the business by building foundations in different countries. The benefit to expanding is more income coming in. Another benefit from outsourcing is that it jockstraps to reduce the work that managers perform allowing them to take treat of bigg er issues. Of course outsourcing has its disadvantages; it can take out(p) from the in the flesh(predicate)ity of the company, by not having a personal communication between the company and clients.\r\nÂIn business, your profits are your reward for your endeavors. In detail, profitability is the only reliable measurement of a business’ success. gelt are the very lifeblood of a business. They fuel growth, protrude the owners, provide for the well being of the staff, and ultimately sic the success or failure of the business. Peters Elworthy and MooreCutting operational expenses to increase profit margins is key for Artemis sportswear to continue merchandising quality sportswear. First gash operational expenses in house is a must. In house is where everything begins so thatÂs the first place to begin cuts. Hiring a company to help budget Artemis Sportswear is a smart way to educate employees to cut costs. A budget company will first pass judgment immediate economy o pportunities for Artemis Sportswear by reviewing run expenses and guiding high office and employees to cut operational expenses. Investing in a company to help budget Artemis Sportswear is a smart way to cut costs and raise profits.\r\nThere are other ways to cut cost without hiring professionals to help budget the company. Using the internet to search for ideas is also an punk way to save money. After saving money from not hiring a budget clip company, it will add to ArtemisÂs profits. Ideas such as those on ehow.com, ezinearticles.com, and pem.com can save money and serious as important, time. Simple tips and ideas the the likes of not do cuts without considering the consequences, to leasing gives the option of upgrading or downgrading, depending on needs and changes in technology.\r\nSitting down with the companyÂs decisiveness makers and brainstorming strategies to cut spending is another inexpensive way to keep costs low. Look over company expenses and create a list of needs or must haves. Review the companyÂs business plan and see what necessary costs have to be do in order for the company to meet its objectives, goals and overall mission. Think somewhat shimmy full-time histrions into part-time workers or making the positions contract without benefits.\r\nProposal for Artemis Sportswear CompanyWhen discussing cost in the raw measures, it is imperative to consider the costs to the employees. When payroll is cut, how Artemis carries the exercise out can have a disconfirming effect on the employees left over(p) and most sure enough will have an effect on their work intersection.\r\nKeogh (2001) claims, ÂEconomic trends have been at its worst since 1991 (p 17). A few things have been learned about payroll slashing since then. Some companies are asking the employees what to do in order to cut costs before cutting payroll and have received replies as simple as saving energy to more convoluted solutions. Energy savings alone can result in savings of thousands of dollars.\r\nAnother fact that has been learned is that it takes a community to support a business. The resulting cuts can have tribe losing their homes and moving away from the city that Artemis Sportswear resides in. With loss in population, higher tax levies for businesses may result. The local retail conduct is affected. This will also affect the local un vocation rate with an increase in government supplements and food stamps.\r\nWhen people have worked with a company for many years, they donÂt have any skills for searching for a job. Even confines can be through with(p) with care. It is advised to give ample notice of termination and information about benefits. A company can be hired to help workers cope with  life transition (Austin, 2001, p 60).\r\nWhen layoffs are activated, the resulting production of the left over employees may or may not be affected; depending upon how the terminations were made. When workers are cut, service is cut. A better idea may be to cut per hour costs or offer primal retirement packages for senior employees.\r\nA hiring freeze may be a viable alternative. Employees who leave the company are not replaced. Along with lower cost per hour, this might take a while for the company to see profit increase, but if the employees are made to feel part of the solution to its own problems, there may be a significant production increase. This is a point that retrain would come in.\r\nCompanies like Federal Express and Saturn have gone to retraining programs instead of immediate terminations. Buckstein (1997) explains that Âtraining has yielded $30 for every dollar invested (p 131). Bonuses are paid to managers who volunteer to go into as instructors. Retraining consists of team building and changes in workplace culture. Employers can restate what is expected of the workers and permit them become aware of what the new focus of Artemis Sportswear is. Company values and ArtemisÂs mission bid can be communicated. Employees can be reenergized, cunning that Artemis is trying to keep staff and prevent layoffs. piddle assignments can be filled by more than one person as well as rotate, to prevent boredom. This can give a gain to productivity.\r\nIt is essential to supply information to the workers about proposed changes. Greenhalgh and McKersie (1980) discretion ÂÂrumored use of the layoff strategy leaves employees with a feeling of employment insecurity which affects their work, their relationship with management, and their commitment to continue running(a) for the organization (p 577). If rumors are circulating, Artemis does not have an straight measure of their cost cutting implementation strategy.\r\nBleckstein (1997) summarizes,  besides a firmÂs ability to learn faster than its competitors may be its only sustainable competitive advantage (p 131). This translates to research. Management must consider the costs overall before cutting jobs. Most important, ma nagement must consider the costs to their trustworthy employees when research indicates effective money saving alternatives.\r\nArtemis Sportswear has a few options open to them before cutting payroll. Kinsman (2001) warns, ÂItÂs time for corporations to start thinking about all the pieces of the success equation before lopping off payroll (4).\r\nConclusion\r\nBusiness is ever changing in the new world economy. Artemis Sportswear like any other business and will have to take steps to improve business and profit margins. The use of cutting operational expenses is shown in many different forms from out sourcing to cutting back everyday expenses. These are essential for improving the profit margins of Artemis Sportswear but the consideration of how these cuts can affect the worker of the company.\r\nReferences\r\nAustin, P. (2001). The making of a one-company ghost town. Business and guild Review, 59-64. Retrieved April 16, 2008, from the EbscoHost database.\r\nBlickstein, S. (1 997). A wider view of training effectiveness. Industrial and commercialised Training, 29(4), 131-132. Retrieved April 11, 2008, from the EbscoHost database.\r\nGreenhalgh, L., & McKersie, R. B. (1980, November/December). Cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies for cut-back management. Public\r\nAdministration Review, 575-584. Retrieved April 12, 2008, from the EbscoHost database.\r\nKelly, L. (1996). The costs of cost-cutting. Worklife Report, 10(2), 3. Retrieved April 16, 2008, from the EbscoHost database.\r\nKeough, J. (2001). The trouble with layoffs. Industrial Distribution, 90(8), 17. Retrieved April 12, 2008, from from EbscoHost database.\r\nKinsman, M. (2001, March 12). The problem with cutting staff in lean times. Westchester County Business Journal,4-8. Retrieved April 12, 2008, from the EbscoHost database.\r\n refreshed Geek. (2003-2008). Wise Geek: What is Outsourcing?. Retrieved April 15, 2008, from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-outsourcing.htm\r\n'

'Investment and Selling Price Essay\r'

'Turnhilm, Inc. is considering adding a small voltaic mower to its harvest line. Management believes that in stray to be competitive, the mower cannot be priced above $139. The fraternity take ins a minimum return of 25% on its coronations. Launching the freshly product would require an enthronisation of $8,000,000. Sales are expected to be 40,000 building blocks of the mower per year.\r\nRequired: Compute the target hail of a mower. 57. The management of Hettler Corporation would like to set the marketing price on a new product using the compactness costing approach to indeterminate pricing. The company’s accounting department has supplied the sideline estimates for the new product: Management plans to produce and interchange 4,000 units of the new product annually. The new product would require an investing of $643,000 and has a required return on investment of 20%. Required: a. discipline the unit product cost for the new product. b.\r\nDetermine the mark up helping on intentness cost for the new product. c. Determine the target merchandising price for the new product using the absorption costing approach. 58. Bourret Corporation is introducing a new product whose direct materials cost is $42 per unit, direct labor cost is $16 per unit, shifting manufacturing strike is $9 per unit, and variable marketing and administrative expense is $3 per unit. The annual fixed manufacturing overhead associated with the product is $84,000 and its annual fixed selling and administrative expense is $16,000.\r\nManagement plans to produce and sell 4,000 units of the new product annually. The new product would require an investment of $1,022,400 and has a required return on investment of 10%. Management would like to set the selling price on a new product using the absorption costing approach to cost-plus pricing. Required: a. Determine the unit product cost for the new product. b. Determine the markup percentage on absorption cost for the new pro duct. c. Determine the target selling price for the new product using the absorption costing approach.\r\n'

'Economic freedom Essay\r'

'Does frugal license help explain why the standard of backup improves in almost countries and declines in others?\r\nFirst of exclusively we take a shit to understand, what frugal exemption is? Economic emancipation according to William W. Beach and Tim Kane, PhD. â€Å" Economic freedom is that ingredient of freedom that is concerned with the material autonomy of the several(prenominal) in relation to the state and other organised groups. An idiosyncratic is economically free who raise in full control his or her push and property.” (Taken from 2007 Index of economic freedom chapter no.3 by William W. Beach and Tim Kane, PhD).\r\nOr in simple words we can in like manner nar outrank that everybody in his or her own country is verbalise to be economically free, if their applaudive establishment protects their rights in every possible way and without any constraint. i.e. if an individual wants to learn anything, to do any kind of transaction or wants a job, then, he or she has a right to do that, while it is the responsibility of the governance to make it convenient and possible for them.\r\nThe first train of economic freedom was published in the family 1995, and it was improved over the years. There atomic number 18 just just roughly go dollar bill different types of economic freedoms, which ar cognise as big businessman of economic freedoms. The main settle of defining these freedoms is to rank the countries in order to coat the way for contradictory investment. Following is the list of ten economic freedoms: (taken from 2007 Index of economic freedom from chapter no.3 by William W Beach and Tim Kane, PhD).\r\n1) Business freedom: To cross out the status of starting, operating and closing any melodic phrase in how much time.\r\n2) Trade freedom: To prepareout counter the barriers and constraints in tariffs, import and export in the country.\r\n3) financial freedom: To layover the measure of price stability an d how politicss are controlling the prices, inflation etc.\r\n4) liberty from establishment: To check either state is providing national goods with minimum expenditure or not.\r\n5) Fiscal freedom: To check the burden on the governing with respect to revenue side.\r\n6) Property rights: To check whether the public have keeping the private property rights, defined and secured by the laws, and are clearly defined by the political science.\r\n7) enthronement freedom: To check whether the regime deserves to have the foreign investment or not.\r\n8) Financial freedom: To check the operation of financial institutions i.e. banking systems; are they out of political science control or not.\r\n9) Freedom from corruptness: To check the status of corruption in the society, i.e. in the melodic phrase system, judiciary, and administrative system in the country.\r\n10) Labor freedom: To check the status of offset of labor and condescension either they are working without government a beyance or not. (Taken from 2007 index of economic freedom from chapter no.3 by William W Beach and Tim Kane, PhD).\r\nEach one of the ten freedoms is measured on a 0- hundred percent scale, 100 as the maximum freedom while 0 is the least or minimum freedom.\r\nThe study of economic freedom was conducted on close 157 countries of the world. To show how it works, I choose two countries that are North Korea and southeastward Korea.\r\nNorth Korea has a communist form of government and is ranked at no.157 in the index of 157 countries, its economic system is 3% free. It has exports of $1.3 billion, it exports: minerals, metallurgical products, manufacturing (including armaments), materials, fishery products etc. and imports of $2.3 billion, it imports: petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment, textile grains etc.\r\nIn communist form of government every asset in the country belongs to the state, thus on that point is no business freedom i.e. 0 % (in 0-100 % scale) in N. K orea. also government controls all the imports and exports so trade freedom i.e. 0 % is also nil. No data on income or corporate valuees is purchasable so fiscal freedom i.e. 0 % is also zeroed. Also government owns all the property including businesses accordingly freedom from government i.e. 0% is also nil. No publicly record of inflation data thence monetary freedom i.e. 0% is also zero.\r\nAlso no private financial sector, therefore financial freedom i.e. 0% is also nil. Wages and incentives are also controlled by government therefore labor freedom i.e. 0% is also nil, also corruption is heavily present in the country so corruption freedom i.e. 10% is also negligible, solely there is some investment freedom i.e. 10%, after the opening of foreign investment regulate in the far remote area of rajin sonberg where underlying facilities are also not provided till date. The government does not cover property rights i.e. 10%, so they are also negligible. (Taken from 2007 index of economic freedom from chapter no.5).\r\nWhile second Korea has democratic form of government and it is ranked at no.36 out of 157 in the index of economic freedom, and its economy is 68.6% free. S. Korea has export of $299.2 billion, it exports: semi conductors, radiocommunication telecommunication, equipment, motor vehicles, computers, steel, ships and petrochemicals etc.\r\nIt has imports of $269.8 billion, it imports: machinery, electronics, electronic equipment, oil, steel, transport, organic chemicals and plastics etc.\r\nAs South Korea has democratic form of government, in that form, the government tries every possible effort to gratify its citizens, therefore starting, operating and closing the business in that country is relatively easy, there is a dance band of business freedom i.e. 83.1% present in the country. S. Korea as compared to N. Korea has good trade freedom i.e. 64.2% present scarcely there are some restrictions in its some activities like import, non-tran sparent regulations and standards etc. S. Korea has high income tax rate of about 38.5% and relatively low corporate tax of about 27.5%, so we can say that it has a good fiscal freedom i.e. 0-100 bracket it has about 81% free.\r\nAfter the foreign investment publicity act of Nov 1998 the government opens the doors to foreign investment in almost every sector except media, electric power and some agricultural sectors, and also residents and non residents can now holds foreign exchange accounts, so there is a lot of investment freedom i.e. about 70% free. The private property right i.e. 70% is secure by the government; corruption i.e. 50% is present at some extent in the country.\r\nThe labor i.e. 57.7% market is working under restrictive employment regulations delinquent to which employment and production growth rate is very low. Government interference in private sector is negligible, so freedom from government is 81.5%. The government regulates the prices in some sectors like agr iculture, telecommunication and other utilities, which monetary freedom 79%, the government in retained some ownerships, second largest house servant bank is under them, which makes the financial freedom about 50% free. (Taken from 2007 index of economic freedom from chapter no.5). In short economic freedom in South Korea is much superficial than North Korea, and it is mainly due to democratic and communism forms of governments, democratic people are enjoying the fruits of freedom while others do not.\r\n'